TUNNEL LIGHTING DESIGN
& CONTROL
Research and Development Sector
- Technical University, Sofia
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I. DESIGN OF
TUNNEL LIGHTING
I.2. PROGNOSES ABOUT THE
hourly charts of luminance L20 AND TRAFFIC INTENSITY ICAR
I.3.
COMPUTING THE ANNUAL HOURLY CHART OF THE NECESSARY LUMINOUS FLUX
I.4. OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING OF
ROAD TUNNELS
II. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OPERATING PRINCIPLES
II.1. HIERARCHY LEVELS AND OPERATING PRINCIPLES
II.2. SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION
III. HARDWARE OF CONTROL SYSTEM
III.1. CONTROLLER FOR SUPERVISORY CONTROL
III.2. EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS FOR TUNNEL LIGHTING
III.3. LUMINANCE-METERS FOR CURRENT MEASUREMENT OF
L20 AND LTH
III.4. DIMMING DEVICES FOR HIGH PRESSURE
DISCHARGE LAMPS
IV. SOFTWARE
OF CONTROL SYSTEM
In Bulgarian highway tunnels with
24 hours duty there are two independent monitoring systems: 1) for the electric
power supply, the artificial lighting and the ventilation; 2) for the
subsystems that secure the traffic safety traffic lights and signs,
fire-alarm, video control. That gives the ability all of the tunnel subsystems
to be simultaneously monitored with two computers. Each system has a database
where all the information for their work is stored. In this material we deal
with the aspects of the first system [16,18]. The described
devices have been in use since 2000 in two Bulgarian highway tunnels
(except dimming
devices, which were developed in 2002).
Chapter one describes the improvement in
the efficiency of the lighting installations in threshold and transition zones
of road tunnels when circuit-dimming devices for high-pressure discharge lamps
are used. Because of the high cost of dimming devices and the relatively low
flux yield (luminous efficiency) of dimmed lamps, the optimal total number of
circuits and the optimal configuration of dimmable circuits are found by
solving an optimization problem. The objective is to minimize the annual
operating expenses of artificial lighting, given an annual distribution of the
adaptation luminance L20 and the traffic intensity in a tunnel.
Chapter
two describes the communication system operating principles. Delivering
information to, and receiving information from
subordinate posts is done by current impulses throughout telephone pairs. The
central station (CS) exchanges data with a network transformer and a current
circuit adapter for multipoint connection. The data exchange during the
positive half of the period is from the CS towards one of the subordinate
posts, and during the negative half of the period in the opposite direction
(20 mA for logical level 0 and 0 mA for logical level 1). The communication protocol
permits direct utilization of the serial interfaces of the microcontrollers.
Chapter three and four describe the hardware and software of the
tunnel lighting control system developed by our team.
Key Words: Tunnel Lighting, Design, Optimization, Control