[4] Pachamanov, A. Method and Device for Measuring of Luminance, Invention No 73467/10 Febr., 1986; Author's Certificate No 43309/B5/16 May,1988, Sofia, Bulgaria

[5] Pachamanov A., Automated System for Monitoring of Tunnel Lighting Systems, Izvestia na TU, Sofia, Bulgaria, Vol. 46, book 5, 1991

[6] Vassilev N., A. Pachamanov, V.Pekov. Basic Requirement for Tunnel Lighting and Luminaires, Svetotechnica No 3/1992, p.8-9, Moscow

[7] Pachamanov A., N. Yaneva. Seasonal Changes of Natural Illuminance in Sofia Region and Possibilities for Monitoring of Artificial Lighting in Public Premises. Svetotechnica, Moscow, Russia, No 6, 1997, pp. 31-35

[8] Pachamanov A. Electric Tension Regulators for High Pressure Discharge Lamps for the Needs of Industry and Street Lighting. Energy Forum’97, June 11-13, Varna

[9] Pachamanov A., D. Krystev, V. Zelengorov. Universal controller for monitoring and registration of electric consumption from the transformer post. BalkanLight ’99, October 6-8^th 1999, MDU “F.J.Cjuri” Varna, Collection of reports, p.261-267

[10] Pachamanov A., R. Sharkov, А. Аtanasov, V.Semova. Information-management system of the lighting, signals and power supply of road tunnels. BalkanLight’99, October 6-8^th 1999, MDU “F.J.Cjuri” Varna, Collection of reports p. 191-199

[11] Pachamanov A., R. Pachamanov, N. Matanov. Method and Device for two-sided exchange of data through current cycle of two-conductor line. Patent request No 104664/04.08.2000, Patent institution of Republic of Bulgaria

[12] Pachamanov A., R. Pachamanov. Method and Device for monitoring of road tunnel lighting. Patent request No 104687/11.08.2000, Patent institution of Republic of Bulgaria

[13] Pachamanov A., B. Pregyov. Monitoring of Road Tunnel Lighting Taking into Account Peculiarities of the Traffic. 11^th national conference on lighting, 13-15 June 2001, Varna

[14] Todorova V., A. Pachamanov, D. Pachamanova. Optimization of the Light Distribution of Luminaires for Threshold and Transitoin Zones of Road Tunnels. Collection of Papers. I^-ST Balkan Junior Conference on Lighting, 15-16 June 2000, Varna, Bulgaria

[15] Pachamanov A., R. Pachamanov. Method for Adapting Control of Road Tunnel Lighting. Patent request No 105872/03.09.2001, Patent institution of Republic of Bulgaria

[16] Pachamanov A., N. Matanov, R. Pachamanov. System for Monitoring and Control of Electric Power Supply and electric Lighting of Road Tunnels. Energetic and information systems and technologies 2001, June 7-8^th 2001, Bitolya, Macedonia

[17] Vassilev N. The Lighting of High Road Tunnel “Praveshki Hanove”. Lighting Systems No 1 / Febr. 2001, ABC “Tehnika”- Bulgaria

[18] Pachamanov A., B.Pregyov. Possibilities for Increasing Lighting Efficiency of Road Tunnels “Praveshki Hanove” and “Traianovi vrata”. Lighting Systems No 3 / May-Jun 2002, ABC “Tehnika”- Bulgaria

[19] Pachamanov A., D.Pachamanova, B.Pregyov. Method for dimming of adaptation artificial lighting of road tunnels. Patent request № 106876 / 25.06.2002, Patent institution of Republic of Bulgaria

[20] Pachamanov A., B. Pregyov, D. Pachamanova, N. Ratz. Dimming of Artificial Lighting in Threshold and Transition Zones of Road Tunnels. “Balkan Light’02” “Energy Saving and New Trends in Lighting”, 3-4 October, Istanbul

[21] Pachamanova D., B.Pregyov, A.Pachamanov. Optimization of Artificial Lighting of Road Tunnels. “Balkan Light’02” “Energy Saving and New Trends in Lighting”, 3-4 October, Istanbul

[22] Ratz N., E.Ratz., A.Pachamanov, B.Pregyov. Computer Aided Simulation of High Pressure Discharge Lamps by Dimming their Luminous Flux. “Balkan Light’02” “Energy Saving and New Trends in Lighting”, 3-4 October, Istanbul

[23] Pachamanov, A. Photometric Measurements of Lighting Characteristics for Street Lighting Systems, Dissertation for Ph.D., Sofia, 1988.

[24] Ross St.A., R.W. Westerfield, J.F. Jaffe. Corporate Finance. USA, 1993

[25] Series E – Eye Response Detectors. CENTRONIC, 2000

[26] Silicon NPN Phototransistor BPV11. Vishay Telefunken, www.vishay.de

[27] Half Duplex Asynchronous FSK Power Line Modem ST7537HS1. SGS-TOMPSON MICROELECTRONICS, 1995

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ABOUT THE TEAM

Our team consists of highly qualified professionals in the areas of electric power supply and equipment, software and hardware design, and optimization.

1. Angel Pachamanov, Dr.Eng, Associate Professor, Electric Power Supply and Equipment Department, Technical University– Sofia. Tunnel lighting design, complete conception for the working principles of the supervisory and control system, designer and producer of the hardware of the system, working algorithms for the controllers and the communication system. Education and Training: M.Sc.’1974 (Electric Power Supply, Technical University-Sofia); M.Sc.’1980 (Technical Cybernetics, Technological University-Sofia); Ph.D.’1988 (Lighting Technics and Sources of Lighting, Tehnical University-Sofia). Job Experience: (1974-1985) - Chief power engineer at the Plant for Flat Glass, Razgrad; (1985-1995) - Scientific researcher at the Laboratory of Lighting, (since 1995) - Assoc.Professor at the Technical University-Sofia, teaching Industrial Lighting and Irradiating systems, Electric Power Supply Automation and Design, Energy Conservation Through Control.

2. Nikolay Vassilev, Dr.Eng., Professor, Electric Power Supply and Equipment Department – Lighting Laboratory, Technical University – Sofia. Doyen of street and tunnel lighting in Bulgaria (Member of CIE – street and tunnel lighting). Main designer and director of the contracts for reconstruction the lighting systems of the tunnels in which the monitoring system is in use. Education and Training: M.Sc.’1953 (Electric network and systems, Technical University-Sofia); Ph.D.’1970 (Lighting Technics and Sources of Lighting, Tehnical University-Sofia). Job Experience: (1953-1959) – Electric network designer; (1959-1966) – Assistant Professor, (1966-1979) – Associate Professor, (since 1979) – Professor at the Technical University-Sofia, teaching Industrial Lighting, and Electric Power Supply of Industry. In 1980 he found, and has since directed, the Laboratory of Lighting, Technical University-Sofia.

3. Borislav Pregyov, Dr.Eng.’2005, Electric Power Supply and Equipment Department, Technical University – Sofia. Formulation of the optimization task for tunnel lighting management, software of the database.

4. Dessislava Pachamanova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Babson College, Babson Park, MA 02457, USA ( http://faculty.babson.edu/dpachamanova/ )

Formulating and solving the problem of optimal tunnel lighting design– optimizing the luminous intensity distribution of luminaries, optimizing the management of tunnel lighting. Education and Training: A.B. in Mathematics (Princeton University’1997); Ph.D. in Operations Research (Massachusetts Institute of Technology’2002).

5. Niкolay Matanov, Mag.Eng, Assistant Professor, Electric Power Supply and Equipment Department, Technical University – Sofia. Programmer - managing the program of the system for tunnel lighting and database, as well as the programs for the embedded controllers.

6. Radostin Pachamanov, Dr.Eng.’2008, Communication Techniques and Technology Department, Technical University – Sofia. Programmer - algorithms and programs for the embedded controllers. Organization and work of the communication system, automatic switch on of the reserve power feeding of on-duty lighting (AVR).

7. Radko Sharkov, Mag.Eng.’1999, Electric Power Supply and Equipment Department, Technical University – Sofia. Programmer - managing program of the system for tunnel lighting. At present, he works in Los Angeles, USA.

8. Emil Ratz, Dr.Eng., Associate Professor, Technical University – Sofia. Designer and producer of dimming units for high-pressure sodium lamps. Education and Training: M.Sc.’1971; Ph.D.’1974 (Technical Cybernetics, Technical University-Praha); Specialization in vector control of alternating current motors at the University of Bat – England (1983). Job Experience: (1979-1988) – Associate Professor at the Technical University-Russe; (since1988) – Associate Professor at the Technical University-Sofia, teaching Theory of Automatic Control, Technical Cybernetics, Systems for Digital Control.

9. Neli Ratz, Dr.Eng.’2005, Associate Professor, Technical University – Sofia

Computer aided simulation of high pressure discharge lamps by dimming their luminous flux. Optimizing the parameters of the dimming devices for tunnel lighting.

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I. DESIGN OF TUNNEL LIGHTING:

Ø Prognoses about the annual hourly chart of the access zone luminance L₂₀ for the two tunnel entrances;

Ø Computation of the number of luminaries for the threshold and transition zones using the luminance L₂₀ calculated from the annual hourly charts of the access zone, and the traffic intensity I_CAR;

Ø Optimization of the total number of circuits and the number of dimmable lines, with the objective of minimizing the cost of maintenance;

Ø Design of the system for monitoring and control of the electric power supply and the artificial lighting.

II. HARDWARE OF CONTROL SYSTEM:

Ø Controller “Central Station” (CS) type SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) with multipoint CCA (Current Circuit Adapter);

Ø Controllers for tunnel lighting with built-in CCA and PLM (Power Line Modem) for data exchange with the CS and measuring and transforming units;

Ø Luminance-meters for L₂₀ and I_CAR (Lth);

Ø Dimming devices for high-pressure discharge lamps.

III. ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE:

Ø Starting and tuning the systems;

Ø 2-year warranty, by mailing the equipment;

Ø Post-warranty service with additional contract.

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